A madeira como fonte de larvicidas naturais contra Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Lucia Fernanda Alves Garcia; Mauro Vicentini Correia

doi:10.4336/2023.pfb.43e202002174

Autores

Lucia Fernanda Alves Garcia Serviço Florestal Brasileiro, Laboratório de Produtos Florestais https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5227-6143
Mauro Vicentini Correia Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Química https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3880-180X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4336/2023.pfb.43e202002174

Palavras-chave:

Inseticida, Metabólitos secundários, Óleo essencial

Resumo

Na madeira estão presentes inúmeras substâncias sintetizadas pela árvore como defensivos à estímulos ambientais. Tais substâncias podem ser fonte potencial de princípios ativos, incluindo os de ação larvicida contra o mosquito Aedes aegypti. A partir de revisão de literatura, foram encontrados 23 trabalhos científicos sobre a atividade larvicida de compostos presentes na madeira. Os estudos contemplaram a análise de 66 espécies vegetais pertencentes a 23 famílias botânicas. Cerca de 30% das espécies estudadas foram consideradas ativas. A espécie que apresentou o material bruto mais ativo foi Callitris glaucophylla, cujo óleo essencial apresentou CL₅₀ = 0,69 ppm. Foram identificadas 23 moléculas potencialmente ativas, sendo o melhor resultado obtido pela tectoquinona isolada do extrato metanólico de Cryptomeria japonica, com CL₅₀= 3,3 ppm. Observou-se que a madeira pode ser fonte de larvicidas naturais com ação similar ao larvicida sintético organofosforado temefós, cujo valor de CL₅₀encontrado na literatura variou entre 2,3 a 9,4 ppm. Dentre as vantagens do uso de larvicidas de origem natural, destaca-se a maior biodegradabilidade e a menor toxicidade aos organismos não alvos quando comparados aos sintéticos, além da contribuição para o enfrentamento do problema da resistência dos insetos.

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Biografia do Autor

Lucia Fernanda Alves Garcia, Serviço Florestal Brasileiro, Laboratório de Produtos Florestais

http://lattes.cnpq.br/7679117068142702

Mauro Vicentini Correia, Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Química

http://lattes.cnpq.br/3258437665171824

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