Preliminary study for the suitability of eucalyptus chips and coal for combustion in a fluidized bed reactor
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4336/2020.pfb.40e201801739Keywords:
Fluidized bed reactor, co-combustion, fluidization, energy potentialAbstract
The combustion with fluidized bed reactors has as main advantages the best energy utilization of combustible materials and a lower generation of pollutants. The fluidization success depends on the characteristics of the particles that compose the bed. This research aimed to perform a preliminary evaluation and characterization of the energy potential and the fluidization curves in fluidized beds formed by binary mixtures of eucalyptus chips + sand and mineral coal + sand. We tested: 1) physical characterization of solid fuels; 2) chemical characterization of combustible materials; 3) thermogravimetric analysis of fuels; 4) determination of the fluidization curves and minimum fluidization velocity for a polydisperse bed. We observed 19.15 MJ kg-1 of lower calorific value for eucalyptus chips and 10.1 MJ kg-1 for coal. The increase in biomass percentage in mixture caused a pressure drop in bed, indicating the formation of preferred paths and a necessity to increase fluid velocity. The fluidization of coal and Eucalyptus chips can be viable in a bubbling fluid bed process, motivating future theoretical and experimental studies involving the application of this methodology in the development of clean and sustainable technologies.
Downloads
References
ABNT. Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. NBR 8289 (MB 1891): carvão mineral: determinação do teor de cinzas. Rio de Janeiro, 1983a.
ABNT. Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. NBR 8290 (MB 1892): carvão mineral: determinação do teor de matérias voláteis. Rio de Janeiro, 1983b.
ABNT. Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. NBR 8293 (MB 1893): carvão mineral: determinação de umidade. Rio de Janeiro, 1983c.
ABNT. Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. NBR 8299 (MB 1899): carvão mineral: determinação do carbono fixo. Rio de Janeiro, 1983d.
ABNT. Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. NBR 8628 (MB 2063): carvão mineral: determinação do poder calorífico superior e do poder calorífico inferior. Rio de Janeiro, 1984.
Abreu, S. M. C. Avaliação de tecnologias de leitos fluidizados a partir da análise dos pedidos de patentes. Cadernos de Prospecção, v. 8, n. 3, p.522-529, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/s.cprosp.2015.008.058.
AGEFLOR. Associação Gaúcha de Empresas Florestais. A indústria de base florestal no Rio Grande do Sul: ano base 2015. Curitiba: Consufor, 2016. 96 p. Available from: <http://www.ageflor.com.br/noticias/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/AGEFLOR-DADOS-E-FATOS-2016.pdf>. Access on: 30 Aug. 2017.
AGEFLOR. Associação Gaúcha de Empresas Florestais. A indústria de base florestal no Rio Grande do Sul: ano base 2016. Curitiba: Consufor, 2017. Available from: <http://www.ageflor.com.br/noticias/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/A-INDUSTRIA-DE-BASE-FLORESTAL-NO-RS-2017.pdf>. Access on: 05 Sept. 2017.
Anuário mineral brasileiro. Brasília, DF: Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral, v. 35, 2010. Available from: < http://www.anm.gov.br/dnpm/paginas/anuario-mineral/arquivos/anuario-mineral-brasileiro-2010>. Access on: 2 Sept. 2017.
Bada, S. O. et al. Characterization and co-firing potential of a high ash coal with Bambusa balcooa. Fuel, v. 151, p. 130-138, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.068.
Basu, P. Combustion and gasification in fluidized beds. [S.l.]: Crc Press, 2006. 496 p.
Basu, P. & Zhi-Gang, P. Prediction of minimum fluidization velocity for binary mixtures of biomass and inert particles. Powder Technology, v. 237, p. 134-140, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2013.01.031.
Bioetanol de cana-de-açúcar: energia para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Rio de Janeiro:BNDES, 2008. 316 p. Disponível em: <https://web.bndes.gov.br/bib/jspui/handle/1408/2002>. Access on: 14 Agu 2019.
Brasil. Ministério de Minas e Energia. CGTE Eletrobras. Candiota. Available from: <http://cgtee.gov.br/UNIDADES/CANDIOTA>. Access on: 13 Aug. 2019.
Brasil. Ministério de Minas e Energia. Carvão Mineral. Portal Brasil. [2011]. Available from: <http://www.brasil.gov.br/infraestrutura/2011/11/carvao-mineral>. Access on: 3 Sept. 2017.
Chiba, S. et al. The minimum fluidization velocity, bed expansion and pressure-drop profile of binary particle mixtures. Powder Technology, v. 22, n. 2, p. 255-269, 1979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(79)80031-5.
Cocco, R. et al. Introduction to fluidization. Chemical Engineering Progress, p. 21-29, 2014. Available from: <https://www.aiche.org/sites/default/files/cep/20141121.pdf>. Access on: 14 Agu. 2019.
Dioguardi, F. & Mele, D. A new shape dependent drag correlation formula for non-spherical rough particles. Experiments and results. Powder Technology, v. 277, p. 222-230, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2015.02.062.
Eichler, P. et al. Produção do biometanol via gaseificação de biomassa lignocelulósica. Química Nova, v. 38, n. 6, p. 828-835, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/0100-4042.20150088.
Geldart, D. Types of gas fluidization. Powder Technology, v. 7, p. 285-292, 1973. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(73)80037-3.
Geldart, D. Gas fluidization technology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1986.
Gomes, L. et al. Preliminary study of fluidization curves in polydisperse beds formed by a binary mixture of Raphanus sativus L. Husk and Sand. Oalib. Scientific Research Publishing, v. 4, n. 8, p. 1-10, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1103713.
Granados, D. A et al. Study of reactivity reduction in sugarcane bagasse as consequence of a torrefaction process. Energy, v. 139, p. 818-827, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.08.013.
IEA. International Energy Agency. World Energy Outlook 2016. Paris, 2016. 684 p. https://doi.org/10.1787/weo-2016-en.
IBÁ. Indústria Brasileira de Árvores. Relatório 2017. Brasília, DF, 2017. 80 p. Available from: <https://iba.org/images/shared/Biblioteca/IBA_RelatorioAnual2017.pdf>. Access on: 14 Agu. 2019.
Instituto Português de Qualidade. NP EN 1097-6: ensaios das propriedades mecânicas e físicas dos agregados: parte 6: determinação da massa volúmica e da absorção de água. Caparica, 2016. Available from: <https://lojanormas.ipq.pt/product/np-en-1097-6-2016/>. Access on: 05 Sept. 2017.
Kunii, D. & Levenspiel, O. Fluidization engineering. 2. ed. Saint Louis: Elsevier, 1991. 491 p.
Linhares, F. de A. de et al. Avaliação fluidodinâmica e co-combustão de resíduo de biomassa industrial em planta de bancada e planta piloto de leito fluidizado borbulhante In: FORUM INTERNACIONAL DE RESIDUOS SOLIDOS, 7., 2016, Porto Alegre. Anais. Porto Alegre: Instituto Venturi Para Estudos Ambientais, 2016. p. 1 - 10. Avaliable from: <http://www.firs.institutoventuri.org.br/images/T006_AVALIAÇÃO_FLUIDODINÂMICA_E_COCOMBUSTÃO_DE_RESÃDUO_DE_BIOMASSA_INDUSTRIAL_EM_PLANTA_DE_BANCADA_E_PLANTA_PILOTO_DE_LEITO_FLUIDIZADO_BORBULHANTE.pdf>. Access on: 12 Sept. 2017.
Magdziarz, A. & Wilk, M. Thermal characteristics of the combustion process of biomass and sewage sludge. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, v. 114, n. 2, p. 519-529, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2933-y.
Ngangyo-Heya, M. et al. Calorific value and chemical composition of five semi-arid mexican tree species. Forests, v. 7, n. 12, p. 58-70, 4 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f7030058.
Patterson, R. K. Automated Pregl-Dumas technique for determining total carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in atmospheric aerosols. Analytical Chemistry, v. 45, n. 3, p.605-609, 1973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60325a050.
Paudel, B. & Feng, Z. Prediction of minimum fluidization velocity for binary mixtures of biomass and inert particles. Powder Technology, v. 237, p. 134-140, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2013.01.031.
Pécora, A. A. B. et al. Prediction of the combustion process in fluidized bed based on physical-chemical properties of biomass particles and their hydrodynamic behaviors. Fuel Processing Technology, v. 124, p. 188-197, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.03.003.
Pereira, B. L. C. et al. Estudo da degradação térmica da madeira de Eucalyptus através de termogravimetria e calorimetria. Revista Árvore, v. 37, n. 3, p. 567-576, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622013000300020.
Pereira, J. L. Análise da qualidade do gás de síntese produzido em gaseificadores de leito fixo co-corrente para potencial aplicação em microturbinas a gás. 2017. 65 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia de Energia) - Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Itajubá.
Phitsuwan, P. et al. Improvement of lignocellulosic biomass in planta: A review of feedstocks, biomass recalcitrance, and strategic manipulation of ideal plants designed for ethanol production and processability. Biomass and Bioenergy. v. 58, p. 390-405, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.08.027.
Rambo, M. K. D. et al. Analysis of the lignocellulosic components of biomass residues for biorefinery opportunities. Talanta. v. 144, p. 696-703, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.045.
Santos, F. et al. Bioenergia e biorrefinaria: cana-de-açúcar e espécies florestais. Viçosa, MG: Ed. UFV, 2013.
Seye, F. et al. Effect of humic and application at different growth stages of kinnow mandarin (citrus reticulata blanco) on the basis of physio-biochemical and reproductive responses. Academia Journal of Biotechnology, v. 1, n. 1, p. 046-052, 2013.
Shaul, S. et al. Typical fluidization characteristics for geldart´s classification groups. Particulate Science And Technology, v. 32, n. 2, p. 197-205, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726351.2013.842624.
Silva, V. S. et al. Caracterização de resíduos gerados na colheita e no beneficiamento da macieira para fins energéticos em leitos fluidizados polidispersos. Estudos Tecnológicos em Engenharia, v. 12, n. 2, p. 45-67, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/ete.2018.122.03.
Smolinski, A. et al. A comparative experimental study of biomass, lignite and hard coal steam gasification. Renewable Energy, v. 36, n. 6, p. 1836-1842, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2010.12.004.
Suksankisorn, K. et al. Co-firing of Thai lignite and municipal solid waste (MSW) in a fluidized bed: effect of MSW moisture content. Applied Thermal Engineering, v. 30, n. 17-18, p. 2693-2697, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.07.020.
UNFCCC. United Nations Climate Change. Annex 8: clarifications on definition of biomass and consideration of changes in carbon pools due to a CDM project activity. (UNFCCC/CCNUCC. EB 20 Report, Annex 8, p. 1). Available from: <https://cdm.unfccc.int/Reference/Guidclarif/mclbiocarbon.pdf>. Access on: 14 Agu 2019.
Van Loo, S. &; Koppejan, J. The Handbook of biomass combustion and co-firing. London: Earthscan Publications, 2010. 442 p.
Vaz Junior, Sílvio et al (Ed.). Biorrefinarias: cenários e perspectivas. Brasília, DF: Embrapa Agroenergia, 2011. 175 p.
Vaz Júnior, S. & Soares, I. P. Chemical analysis of biomass-a review of techniques and applications. Química Nova, v. 37, n. 4, p. 709-715, 2014. https://dx.doi.org/10.5935/0100-4042.20140111.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Angenor Geovani Auler, Matheus Vilares Mem de Sá, Paulo Eichler, Jaqueline Lidorio de Mattia, Guilherme Silva, Guilherme de Souza, Fernando Almeida Santos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH reserves the right to correct grammar, improve clarity, and impose PFB standard although respecting the author's style.
Final proof version will be sent to the correspondence author.
Published papers will become property of the BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH.
Published papers may be used by the authors, without previous PFB authorization, allowed when source is cited.
Any mention of trademarks or methods do not imply in its recommended by the Editorial Committee.
The authors are the exclusive responsible for opinions and concepts developed in the manuscript.
Os originais publicados na Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira estão disponibilizados de acordo com uma Licença 