Twenty years monitoring growth dynamics of a logged tropical forest in Western Amazon
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4336/2017.pfb.37.92.1398Keywords:
Forest management, Above-ground biomass, Experimental plotsAbstract
We performed a forest growth dynamics study in Acre State, Brazilian southwestern Amazon, where a 20 ha area was logged in 1992. The study was based permanent sample plots (1 ha) established in the logged area and in an unlogged forest immediately after logging operations finished. Forest dynamics parameters were assessed in terms of aboveground dried biomass (AGB). During the study period, three extreme climate events triggered a high impact on both logged and unlogged areas, producing AGB losses greater than those estimated for logging. Twenty years after logging, ingrowth and mortality rates were similar to those expected in an undisturbed forest, and AGB recovery was significantly faster in the logged areas. Forest management, when properly applied, can promote faster forest AGB recovery. We suggest that forest management could be considered as an alternative to adapt to extreme climate events, by promoting controlled disturbances, which should minimize tree mortality and biomass loss.Downloads
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References
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Nepstad, D. C. et al. Mortality of large trees and lianas following experimental drought in an amazon forest. Ecology, v. 88, p. 2259-2269, 2007. DOI: 10.1890/06-1046.1.
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Pan, Y. et al. A large and persistent carbon sink in the world´s forests. Science, v. 333, p. 988-993, 2011. DOI: 10.1126/science.1201609.
Peña-Claros, M. et al. Beyond reduced-impact logging: silvicultural treatments to increase growth rates of tropical trees. Forest Ecology and Management, v. 256, p. 1458-1467, 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.11.01310.1016/j.foreco.2007.11.013.
Phillips, O. L. et al. Drought sensitivity of the Amazon Rainforest. Science, v. 323, p. 1344-1347, 2009. DOI: 10.1126/science.1164033.
Phillips, O. L. et al. Drought-mortality relationships for tropical forests. New Phytologist, v. 187, p. 631-646, 2010. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03359.x.
Putz, F. E. & Redford, K. H. The importance of defining "˜forest´: tropical forest degradation, deforestation, long-term phase shifts, and further transitions. Biotropica, v. 42, p. 10-20, 2010. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00567.x.
Rolim, S. G. et al. Biomass change in an Atlantic tropical moist forest: the ENSO effect in permanent sample plots over a 22-year period. Oecologia, v. 142, p. 238-246, 2005. DOI: 10.1007/s00442-004-1717-x.
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Saatchi, S. et al. Persistent effects of a severe drought on Amazonian forest canopy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 110, p. 565-570, 2012. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1204651110.
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Sist, P. et al. The Tropical managed Forests Observatory: a research network addressing the future of tropical logged forests. Applied Vegetation Science, v. 18, p. 171-174, 2015. DOI: 10.1111/avsc.12125.
Sist, P. & Ferreira, F. N. Sustainability of reduced-impact logging in the Easter Amazon. Forest Ecology and Management, v. 243, p. 199-209, 2007. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.02.01410.1016/j.foreco.2007.02.014.
Slik, J.W. El Niño droughts and their effects on tree species composition and diversity in tropical rain forests. Oecologia, v. 141, p. 114-120, 2004. DOI: 10.1007/s00442-004-1635-y.
Toledo, M. et al. Climate is a stronger driver of tree and forest growth rates than soil and disturbance. Journal of Ecology, v. 99, p. 254-264, 2011. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01741.x.
Villegas, Z. et al. Silvicultural treatments enhance growth rate of future crop trees in a tropical dry forest. Forest Ecology and Management, v. 258, p. 971-977, 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.10.03110.1016/j.foreco.2008.10.031.
Wadsworth, H. F. & Zweed, J. C. Liberation: acceptable production of tropical forest timber. Forest Ecology and Management, v. 233, p. 45-51, 2006. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.072.
West, T. A. P. et al. Forest biomass recovery after conventional and reduced-impact logging in Amazonian Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management, v. 314, p. 59-63, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.11.02210.1016/j.foreco.2013.11.022.
Williamson, G. B. et al. Amazonian tree mortality during the 1997 El Niño drought. Conservation Biology, v. 14, p. 1538-1542, 2000. DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99298.x.
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Baker, T. R. et al. Increasing biomass in Amazonian forest plots. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, v. 359, n. 1.443, p. 353-365, 2004. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2003.1422.
Blanc, L. et al. Dynamics of aboveground carbon stocks in a selectively logged tropical forest. Ecological Applications, v. 19, n. 6, p. 1397-1404, 2009. DOI: 10.1890/08-1572.1.
Brando, P. M. et al. Drought effects on literfall, wood production and belowground carbon cycling in Amazon forest: results of a throughfall reduction experiment. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, v. 363, n. 1.498, p. 1839-1848, 2008. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2007.0031.
Bicknell, J. E. et al. Reconciling timber extraction with biodiversity conservation in tropical forests using reduced-impact logging. Journal Applied Ecology, v. 52, n. 2, p. 379-388, 2015. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12391.
Boisvenue, C. & Running, S. W. Impacts of climate change on natural forest productivity - evidence since the middle of the 20th century. Global Change Biology, v. 12, p. 862-882, 2006. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01134.x.
Boletim Agrometeorológico. Rio Branco, AC: EMBRAPA-CPAF, 1990. (EMBRAPA-CPAF. Boletim Agrometeorológico, 5).
Boletim Agrometeorológico. Rio Branco, AC: EMBRAPA-CPAF, 1995. (EMBRAPA-CPAF. Boletim Agrometeorológico, 6).
Brienen, R. J. W. et al. Longterm decline of the Amazon carbon sink. Nature, v. 519, p. 344-348, 2015. DOI: 10.1038/nature14283.
Brown, F. et al. Brazil: drought and fire response in the Amazon. World resources report, Washington, DC, 2011. Available from: <http://www.worldresourcesreport.org>. Access on: 10 jan. 2017.
Chave, J. et al. Tree allometry and improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests. Oecologia, v. 145, p. 87-99, 2005. DOI: 10.1007/s00442-005-0100-x.
Clark, D. A. et al. Tropical rain forest tree growth and atmospheric carbon dynamics linked to interannual temperature variation during 1984-2000. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 100, n. 10, p. 5852-5857, 2003. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0935903100.
Condit, R. et al. Tropical forest dynamics across a rainfall gradient and the impact of an El Niño dry season. Journal of Tropical Ecology, v. 20, p. 51-72, 2004. DOI: 1017/S0266467403001081.
Dauber, E. et al. Sustainability of timber harvesting in Bolivian tropical forests. Forest Ecology and Management, v. 214, p. 294-304, 2005. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.04.01910.1016/j.foreco.2005.04.019.
Edwards, D. P. et al. Maintaining ecosystem function and services in logged tropical forests. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, v. 29, p. 511-520, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.07.003.
Feeley, K. J. et al. Directional changes in the species composition of a tropical forest. Ecology, v. 92, p. 871-882, 2011. DOI: 10.1890/10-0724.1.
Fredericksen, T. S. & Mostacedo, B. Regeneration of timber species following selection logging in a Bolivian tropical dry forest. Forest Ecology and Management, v. 131, p. 47-55, 2000. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00199-110.1016/S0378-1127(99)00199-1.
Fredericksen, T. S. & Putz, F. E. Silvicultural intensification for tropical conservation. Biodiversity & Conservation, v. 12, p. 1445-1453, 2003. DOI: 10.1023/A:1023673625940.
Gourlet-Fleury, S. et al. Tropical forest recovery from logging: a 24 year silvicultural experiment from Central Africa. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, v. 368, p. 1-10, 2013. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0302.
Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Banco de dados meteorológicos para ensino e pesquisa. 2014. Available from: <http://www.inmet.gov.br/portal/index.php?r=bdmep/bdmep>. Access on: .
Laurance, S. G. W. et al. Long-term variation in Amazon forest dynamics. Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 20, n. 2, p. 323-333, 2009. DOI: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.01044.x.
Lewis, S. L. et al. Concerted changes in tropical forest structure and dynamics: evidence from 50 South American long-term plots. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, v. 359, p. 421-436, 2004. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2003.1431.
Macpherson, A. J. et al. A model for comparing reduced impact logging with conventional logging for an Eastern Amazonian Forest. Forest Ecology and Management, v. 260, p. 2002-2011, 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.0500.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.050.
Malhi, Y. et al. An international network to monitor the structure, composition and dynamics of Amazonian forests (RAINFOR). Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 13, p. 439-450, 2002. DOI: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02068.x.
Miller, S. D. et al. Reduced impact logging minimally alters tropical rainforest carbon and energy exchange. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 108, n. 48, p. 19431-19435, 2011. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1105068108.
Nakagawa, M. et al. Impact of severe drought associated with the 1997-1998 El Niño in a tropical forest in Sarawak. Journal of Tropical Ecology, v. 16, n. 3, p. 355-367, 2000.
Nebel, G. et al. Forest dynamics in flood plain forests in the Peruvian Amazon: effects of disturbance and implications for management. Forest Ecology and Management, v. 150, p. 79-92, 2001. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00682-4.
Negrón-Juárez, R. I. et al. Widespread amazon forest tree mortality from a single-basin squall line event. Geophysical Research Letters, v. 37, 2010. DOI: 10.1029/2010GL043733.
Nemani, R. R. et al. Climate-driven increases in global terrestrial net primary production from 1982 to 1999. Science, v. 300, p. 1560-1563, 2003. DOI: 10.1126/science.1082750.
Nepstad, D. C. et al. Amazon drought and its implications for forest flammability and tree growth: a basin-wide analysis. Global Change Biology, v. 10, p. 704-717, 2004. DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00772.x.
Nepstad, D. C. et al. Mortality of large trees and lianas following experimental drought in an amazon forest. Ecology, v. 88, p. 2259-2269, 2007. DOI: 10.1890/06-1046.1.
Oliveira, M. V. N. d´& Braz, E. M. Manejo florestal em regime de rendimento sustentado, aplicado à floresta do Campo Experimental da Embrapa CPAF-AC. Rio Branco, AC: Embrapa CPAF-AC, 1998. 45 p. (Embrapa CPAF-AC. Boletim de pesquisa, 21).
Oliveira, M. V. N. d´ & Braz, E. M. Reduction of damage to tropical moist forest through planned arvesting. The Commonwealth Forestry Review, v. 74, n. 3, p. 208-210, 1995.
Oliveira, M. V. N. d´ et al. Can forest management be sustainable in a bamboo forest? A 12-year case study of forest dynamics in western Amazon. Forest Ecology and Management, v. 310, p. 672-679, 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.09.008.
Pan, Y. et al. A large and persistent carbon sink in the world´s forests. Science, v. 333, p. 988-993, 2011. DOI: 10.1126/science.1201609.
Peña-Claros, M. et al. Beyond reduced-impact logging: silvicultural treatments to increase growth rates of tropical trees. Forest Ecology and Management, v. 256, p. 1458-1467, 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.11.01310.1016/j.foreco.2007.11.013.
Phillips, O. L. et al. Drought sensitivity of the Amazon Rainforest. Science, v. 323, p. 1344-1347, 2009. DOI: 10.1126/science.1164033.
Phillips, O. L. et al. Drought-mortality relationships for tropical forests. New Phytologist, v. 187, p. 631-646, 2010. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03359.x.
Putz, F. E. & Redford, K. H. The importance of defining "˜forest´: tropical forest degradation, deforestation, long-term phase shifts, and further transitions. Biotropica, v. 42, p. 10-20, 2010. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00567.x.
Rolim, S. G. et al. Biomass change in an Atlantic tropical moist forest: the ENSO effect in permanent sample plots over a 22-year period. Oecologia, v. 142, p. 238-246, 2005. DOI: 10.1007/s00442-004-1717-x.
Rutishauser, E. et al. Rapid tree carbon recovery in managed Amazonian forests. Current Biology, v. 25, p. 787-788, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.034.
Saatchi, S. et al. Persistent effects of a severe drought on Amazonian forest canopy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 110, p. 565-570, 2012. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1204651110.
Sheil, D. A half-century of permanent plot observation in Budongo forest Uganda: histories, highlights, and hypotheses. In: Dallmeier, F. & Comiskey, J. A. (Ed.). Forest biodiversity research, monitoring and modeling: conceptual background and old world case studies. Paris: Unesco: The Pathernon Publishing Group, 1998. p. 399-428. (Man and the biosphere series, v. 20).
Sist, P. et al. The Tropical managed Forests Observatory: a research network addressing the future of tropical logged forests. Applied Vegetation Science, v. 18, p. 171-174, 2015. DOI: 10.1111/avsc.12125.
Sist, P. & Ferreira, F. N. Sustainability of reduced-impact logging in the Easter Amazon. Forest Ecology and Management, v. 243, p. 199-209, 2007. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.02.01410.1016/j.foreco.2007.02.014.
Slik, J.W. El Niño droughts and their effects on tree species composition and diversity in tropical rain forests. Oecologia, v. 141, p. 114-120, 2004. DOI: 10.1007/s00442-004-1635-y.
Toledo, M. et al. Climate is a stronger driver of tree and forest growth rates than soil and disturbance. Journal of Ecology, v. 99, p. 254-264, 2011. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01741.x.
Villegas, Z. et al. Silvicultural treatments enhance growth rate of future crop trees in a tropical dry forest. Forest Ecology and Management, v. 258, p. 971-977, 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.10.03110.1016/j.foreco.2008.10.031.
Wadsworth, H. F. & Zweed, J. C. Liberation: acceptable production of tropical forest timber. Forest Ecology and Management, v. 233, p. 45-51, 2006. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.072.
West, T. A. P. et al. Forest biomass recovery after conventional and reduced-impact logging in Amazonian Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management, v. 314, p. 59-63, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.11.02210.1016/j.foreco.2013.11.022.
Williamson, G. B. et al. Amazonian tree mortality during the 1997 El Niño drought. Conservation Biology, v. 14, p. 1538-1542, 2000. DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99298.x.
Zanne, A. E. et al. Towards a worldwide wood economics spectrum. In: Dryad Digital Repository. 2009. Available from: <https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.234>. Access on:
Zimmerman, B. L. & Kornos, C. Prospects for sustainable logging in tropical forests. BioScience, v. 62, p. 479-487, 2012. DOI: 10.1525/bio.2012.62.5.9.
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2017-12-29
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D’OLIVEIRA, Marcus Vinicio Neves; OLIVEIRA, Luis Claudio; ACUÑA, Mario Humberto Aravena; BRAZ, Evaldo Muñoz. Twenty years monitoring growth dynamics of a logged tropical forest in Western Amazon. Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira, [S. l.], v. 37, n. 92, p. 493–502, 2017. DOI: 10.4336/2017.pfb.37.92.1398. Disponível em: https://pfb.cnpf.embrapa.br/pfb/index.php/pfb/article/view/1398. Acesso em: 18 may. 2024.
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